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Question: Discuss about the Telecommunication And Networks. Answer: Introduction The shire city council is responsible for managing and maintenance of road. The organization mainly focuses on smart city development. The organization mainly focuses on maintenance of road in suburban and semirural areas (Nakamura and Chow-White, 2013). As a result of development on continuous level shire is focused to provide maintenance and is looking for certain number of ways which can be monitoring and maintenance of road. The organization mainly focuses on the systematical collection of data of all roads with in the state. It focuses on the ability to determine the state of road from the available data prior to repairing. In coming pages of the report a comparison has been provided between two technologies for the council area of shire city (Robbins and Judge 2012). The report also addresses on current area of council and prediction of future needs of this Shire city. In the discussion portion various parameters like infrastructure that is internet connection and wireless technologies has been discussed. A brief idea has been provided regarding the existing wireless technologies like LoRaWAN and OpenIoT. After that an idea has been provided regarding the data storage and its use along with various kinds of processing facilities. Infrastructure This particular organization that is The shire city council focus on planning of smart city. The organization focus on maintenance of road for thousands of kilometers of road throughout the urban area both in suburban and semi-rural areas or zones (Usman and Miranda-Moreno, 2012). So various kinds of technologies have suggested for proper management and monitoring of road maintenance with The Shire. It mainly focuses on systematical collection of data of various kinds of roads with the city. This mainly checks the ability for analyzing the data of road from various kinds of maintenance. Internet connection Internet connection can be easily used for proper maintenance of traffic with the help of various kinds of sensor devices, RFID tags, global positioning system (GPS). IOT mainly helps in analyzing collection of information and integration of information based on traffic and analysis of information of traffic in a large area automatically and intelligent way (Gao and Zhang, 2013). Traffic generally require certain number of information about traffic and logistic which is generally available on road. With the help of internet system can easily become more reliable and intelligent. With a large number of WSN and sensor based communication an IOT based on traffic data will be easily generated. This particular type of traffic monitoring application need to be protected so that various kinds of security attacks can be prevented in various urban cities. The enabling technologies mainly focusses on building blocks for sensing communication technologies in various kinds of IOT like Wireless S ensor Networks (WSN) and various kinds of RFID based networks. Wireless technologies RFID is generally considered to be leading technologies because of its low cost, strong kind of support from various kinds of business communities (Denisov, Kamaev, and Kizim, 2013). With the help of RFID technology every object can be easily transformed into a smart object. Sensors networks generally integrate various kinds of technologies like sensors, distributed information processing, embedded computing and various kinds of wireless communication. Sensor and RFID plays a significant role in the building of various kinds of IOT based products. Various RFID and sensor with the power of communication and computing are connected to wireless networks (Sultana, Rahman and Chowdhury, 2013). They generally cooperate with each other for the collection of information with the physical world to accomplishing of various kinds of task. Other required components are mainly inclusive of cloud, storing, processing and various kinds of communication technologies (Huidrom, Das and Sud, 2013). The major kind of wireless technology which can be used for building wireless sensors are WPAN (Wireless Personal area network) and Wireless local area Network (Wi-Fi), wireless wide area network. A typical structure which is based on RFID generally consist of low end RFID networks which generated data and high end RFID sensors nodes which is used for low nodes. In this technology data is collected by various kinds of high nodes are sent to various kinds of mobile static nodes. Reader generally transmit data which is transmitted to various kinds of wireless devices (Frow et al., 2015). This device generally provides certain amount of processing of data and after that it is sent to various kinds computational server with the help of internet. Existing Technology solution:Open IOT Incorporation of various kinds of roadways into IOT network can be considered to one of the difficult thing when people start to easily think of smart road (Thompson and Visser, 2013). This mainly result due to current roadways which do not know the way of using internet of things. Roadways which does not have any kind of connection to various kinds of network devices. At present various kinds of various kinds of systems are there which can easily incorporate various kinds of IOT devices. Lora WAN LoRaWAN is nothing but a medium access control (MAC) protocol which is in various kinds of wide area networks. It is designed in such a way that it can easily provide communication with various kinds of Internet connected or device over a long range of wireless communication (Thompson et al., 2014). It is generally mapped into second and third kind of layer which is based on OSI models. It is used in road technology because it can easily provide communication over a large distance. Data storage and processing facilities: Data centers A data center is nothing but a facility which generally consist of various kinds of network computers and storage which can be easily used for organizing, processing and storing of large value or amount of data (Haiduzzaman et al., 2014). Datacenters are considered to be an important tool which can be used for maintenance of various roads. It can easily store data related to various kinds of information of roads very easily. Cloud computing Cloud computing enables various kinds of organization to easily consume a computable amount of resources (Botta et al., 2014). There are certain number of benefits of cloud computing like provisioning of self-services, elasticity, easy migration of facility. There are large number of benefits for using cloud computing that are reduction in the implementation and cost of maintenance with is generally involved in it. It can easily increase the mobility for various kinds of global workforce. Contrast and Comparison WAN that is wide area network can be easily used in a network which generally exist over a large area. This technology generally exists over in managing and monitoring of various kinds of roads. A WAN is a useful technology for connecting various kinds of smaller networks which is inclusive of LAN (Local Area Network) and MAN (Metro Area Network). A WAN is generally used for connecting more than one LAN over a large geographical area. WAN services are considered to be much cheaper in comparison so other kinds of services (Rittinghouse and Ransome, 2016). Whenever there is issue of security like troubleshooting. It mainly addresses or focusses on various kinds of anti-malware protection, proxy servers and prevention of any kind of intrusion. Apart from elimination of need for ISDN, WAN services will help in reduction of cost and increasing the profits in large number of ways. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is known to be an emerging technology which makes of radio frequency waves for transferring of data between reader and movable item which is generally tagged. This again used for identification and tracking of it. RFID can be easily used act like a transponder in the registration of various kinds of vehicle (Jamil and Zaki, 2016). RFID tag and sensor can be used so that individual car can easily get data if needed from the spot and can be delivered to assigned destination. The RIFDtag can easily store information on vehicle and its owner which consist of number plate and type of vehicle, speed and time when the particular reaches the point. It can be used for estimation of number of vehicle in the road and average speed of vehicle. The data containing information from each vehicle is generally captured with the help of RFID reader and the information of vehicle can be easily transmitted over central server unit. As soon as the system is connected to internet then all the information of vehicle on the various kinds of road segment is saved in the database which can again be utilized for any purpose or application. This particular node sends for provides data which can be easily send to the cluster head note (Xia et al., 2012). At the same time a GPS receiver which is installed on the monitoring station which can easily communicate with the various kinds of GPS satellite which is used for obtaining of obtaining the information of positioning which is generally considered as the position parameter of the vehicle (Wortmann and Flchter, 2015). After that the data is transmitted by making use of GPRS scheme which is generally based on real time central kind of database and it creates a platform where data can be easily updated on a regular basis. RFID are generally of two types namely active RFID and passive RFID. RFID readers can easily cost between 1250 dollars to 20000 dollars while on the contrary passive reader cost between 3000 dollars to 20000 dollars (Ruiz et al., 2012). Security issue in RFID can be easily classified into types namely violation of privacy and violation of security. In case of privacy violation attackers mainly tries to harvest information from the provided object by analyzing the communication between object and reader by proper tracking of it. In case of security violation an adversary generally checks the behavior of tag or reader by providing undesirable kind of communication (Dupont et al., 2012). This type of security attacks generally damages the various kinds of physical tag and the communication which lies between tag and reader or the application of system which generally requires various kinds of RFID technology. RFID tag are very easy to use as it contains information from the tags which i s transferred through radio waves and unlike bar codes a line of sight between the reader and tag is not required in general (Streimikiene, BaleÃ… ¾entis and BaleÃ… ¾entien?, 2013). Various kinds of RFID tags can be easily used in short time which does not require any kind of handling. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be easily concluded that this report is all about suggesting new ways which can be used for management and monitoring of road. This organization that is shire is focused for maintenance of road in various kilometers of road in urban and semirural areas of the smart city. Every year the organization focuses on repairing of road not only because of torrential rain but also because of general type of wear and tear. The shire needs infrastructure which can be used for collection of data in a systematic way of all the road within the smart city. The infrastructure focuses on determination of data from all kinds of roads and providing an information for work orders for various kinds of crew members. After that crew can easily get information regarding maintenance and reports on progress unless and until proper information has been provided. Two kinds of infrastructure have been compared and discussion has been provided related to it. An analysis has been pr ovided on the existing wireless technology that is LoRaWAN and OpenIoT. While suggesting various kinds of parameters have been checked that is storage, cost, privacy, ease of use and accessibility. References Botta, A., De Donato, W., Persico, V. and Pescap, A., 2014, August. On the integration of cloud computing and internet of things. InFuture internet of things and cloud (FiCloud), 2014 international conference on(pp. 23-30). IEEE. Denisov, M.V., Kamaev, V.A. and Kizim, A.V., 2013. Organization of the repair and maintenance in road sector with ontologies and multi-agent systems.Procedia Technology,9, pp.819-825. Dupont, C., Schulze, T., Giuliani, G., Somov, A. and Hermenier, F., 2012, May. An energy aware framework for virtual machine placement in cloud federated data centres. InFuture Energy Systems: Where Energy, Computing and Communication Meet (e-Energy), 2012 Third International Conference on(pp. 1-10). IEEE. 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