Role of Institutions in Architecture and Quantity Surveying

Role of Institutions in Architecture and Quantity Surveying Introduction In the construction industry used to follow the professional body’s instruction and maintain the ethics and code of conduct to evaluate the function of the industry. So that client always expect the advice from the professionals and imitate the professionalism to gain the high quality end product, today world is globalizing very fast. Because of that it is directly effect to the construction industry. In today construction industry is facing global changes and therefore they demanding. Changing skills from various construction related professions. Professionals in construction industry are forced to maintain their responsibilities and meet the demand procedures with quality. A Professional Institution also called professional body is an assembly of people in an educated profession who are entrusted with maintaining organize or oversight of the lawful practice of the work. In this report I investigate a professional institute which serves the built environment sector. And also I briefly explain of the professional institution. Professional institutions are helping to various categories of constructional personal to upgrade their skills and overall impact of such professional institution in the construction industry. Membership of a professional institution, as a legal requirement, can in some professions from the primary formal basis for gaining entry to and setting up practices within the profession. Role of the professional Institution Eliot Freidson presents the argument that while all occupations contain some blend of skills, knowledge, qualification and competence, professions involve a â€Å"special kind of knowledge believed to require the exercise of discretionary judgment and a grounding in abstract theory and concepts† what Michael Young would refer to as powerful knowledge. (Daniels 2007) Professional institution plays a major role of construction industry. And also it maintains the standards of the professions in the construction industry. Professional institution maintains world class knowledge base because people in same profession meet each other in one place to create a network of communication to broaden the knowledge to enhance the professional relationship and respond to changing environment to meet current and future operating need. Therefore many professional institutions are involved to in the developing and monitoring of professional educational program and the upgrading of skills. Professional institution can improve service to members and upgrading services to industry. Membership of a professional institution, as a legal required, can in some professions from the primary basis entry to and setting up practices with the profession. People who are eligible for the professional development plan if they have satisfied their academic requirement of the professional institution which they are planning to membership. There are many advantages of being a member in professional institution They are Networking Opportunities Attending to conference and seminars Get the privilege to use online recourse Free education Above all the fact explains about how to improve the service member in professional institution. Professional institutions are encouraging sustainable construction. Because the world is globalizing very fast and it’s directly effect to the construction industry and also it publication the magazine, books and other publications to improve the knowledge of members. Because members are the heart of that professional institution. Also maintain and improve the quality of the built environment. Professional Institutions are helping to various categories of Constructional Personal There are many professional institutions related to the construction Royal Institute of charted surveyors Charted Institute of Builders Association of Project Managers British Institute of Facility Managers Charted Institute of Architectural Technologist Each and every professional institution is helping to several of contractual personal to upgrade their skills with membership and certification. PDP is the next stage in gaining professional qualifications and force on recording management experiences and achievement. Every member to comply with consist of RICS practice statement in the interest of the maintaining the highest professional institution. Every construction has different membership benefit for example. RIBA (Royal Institute of British Architecture) Roles and Responsibilities Maintain world- class knowledge base Re-position architecture as providers of both sound and imaginative solutions An RIBA Client Adviser who is a qualified architect is not the main architect in such projects but acts as an independent adviser. They: provide strategic advice help clients to achieve their objectives meet clients expectations on performance and design quality (RIBA) Maximize contribution of members and staff Work to improve the design quality of public buildings, homes/ communications. (Royal Institute of Brtish Architects ) SLIA (Sri Lanka Institute of Architect) It has unique benefit for each membership. They have 7 type of membership Honorary Fellow Members Fellow Members Associate Members Honorary Members Registered Members Graduate Members Student Members (Sri Lanka Institute of Architect) PMI (Project Management Institute) As a PMI member, you gain exclusive access to PMI publications and our global standards, networking options with our chapters and online communities of practice, and leadership and volunteer opportunities. You can also find discounts on certification exams and innovations, as well as our professional development offerings received. (Project Managment Institute 2014) AIQS (Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors) Role of AIQS Ensure that practicing Quantity Surveyors are dedicated to maintaining the highest standards of professional excellence Carrying research about the collection of cost data Publishing of current construction costs Maintaining Australian Standard method of measurement (Role of AIQS) Benefit of a member Promote as a Building Economist Provide Technical articles Practices noted and policy statements Promoting Members to potential QS clients Fee free Gold credit card, home loan and life insurance for AIQS members (Role of AIQS) AGS (The Association of Geotechnical and Geo environmental Specialists) The Benefits of AGS Member Membership of Representative organization Provides a voice on the Ground Forum, the body that represents the main industry participants in Geo techniques and the Geo environment Provides the means to lobby Government and the construction clients Forum via the Ground Forum and the construction Industry council (The Benefits of AGS Member) If they get the membership benefit it is help the update their skills with membership. So there is various type of method to update their skills with membership. They are conducted the training programs. Introduce some flexible membership fee, Conduct e- learning programs, Arrange some group discussion, Get some task and dividing in group members..etc. Overall impact of such professional institution Professional Institution has impact in the construction industry many ways. Improve the quality, improve the skills of the members introducing new ways how to study rules and regulation new opportunity to take right path and build good construction site. Therefore Professionals in construction industry are forced to maintain their responsibilities and meet the demand and procedures with quality. So that professional institution helps to improve the quality of the construction site. And also in professional institution is a place where people from the same profession meets each other and then shares their ideas, skills. So professional institution is help to develop skills of the people in the construction site. Professional institution is helps to gain new skills and knowledge needed to manage staff develop business. In professional institution meet to same professional people and then way share their new technology, new experiment and introduce new ways and also in that ways they selected better things above all the gathering information and detail if they shared. So it is help to take decision to get a right part of the construction site. Memberships of a professional institution, as a legal requirement, so every member know the rules and regulation. It is help to carryon and develops rules and regulation in construction site. Above all the details professional institution is impact to build a good construction site. Conclusion The finding the research indicates that professional institute has a direct effect on the quality of construction industry. It has so many boundaries. Professional boundaries are important to enhance professionalism within the construction industry. Such as Relationship Communication Self-Discourses Exploitations Breaches of confidentially And also professional institute are helping to upgrade their skill with membership and certification. But it is overall impact in the construction industry. So in this report, reporter can highlight those things of professional instruction in the construction industry. References DANIELS, H., Lauder, H., Porter, J. (2007). Young. In: The Routledge Companion to Education. London, Routledge, Faculty of Humanities Social Sciences. Project Managment Institute. (2014). [online]. Last accessed 03 March 2014 at: http://www.pmi.org/Membership.aspx [online]. Last accessed 3 March 2014 at: http://www.architecture.com/JoinTheRIBA/BecomeACDA/Requirements.aspx#.UxnEifmSySo [online]. Last accessed 02 March 2014 at: http://www.rnconstructions.com/strength.htm Role of AIQS. In: Construction Professional Studies. ICBT, p.34. Royal Institute of Brtish Architects. In: Construction Professional Studies. ICBT, p.27. [online]. Last accessed 03 March 2014 at: http://www.slia.lk/ [online]. Last accessed 04 March 2014 at: http://www.ags.org.uk/aboutmembership/benefits.php

Special ed is not a Scandal Essay -- essays papers

Special ed is not a Scandal Special Education Is Not A Scandal Article #33 I think the biggest most important law having to due with education and the general public is PL 94-142. It is because of this laws effect on the school system and the impact that it left in the history of special education that I chose to write about it. Implemented in the 1970’s PL 94-142 is responsible for a change in which all handicapped children are entitled to a free appropriate public education (FAPE), a change that gave the disabled a fighting chance towards education in a world that was very discriminating. This law was amended in 1983, 1986 and reauthorized in 1990 ensuring that every child receives an individualized appropriate education in the least restrictive environment at no cost to the parents. Although PL 94-142 is a great law and has protected many Americans since it first went into effect in 1975 times were not always so good. In the early days of education it was not uncommon for the mentally challenged to be sent home from school denied their right to learn. Parents would have to find alternative methods or institutions for their child’s learning and usually pay a hefty price for what should of come for free. However, a steady line of law suites continually bombarded local states. Famous cases like Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia, and Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania set the way for transition in...

Law Case Analysis

Law Case Analysis Material Facts and Source of Law The plaintiff William Shelensky was a director who owned a minority stockholder of Defendant Corporation called Chicago National League Ball Club, which operated Chicago Cubs. The Cubs had been suffering operating losses from direct baseball operations from 1961-1965. The director defendant Philip K. Wrigley who owned 80% stock shares did not install lights at Wrigley Field so that the Cubs could not play at night when at home, even though the other 19 major league teams scheduled night games.Defendant (Wrigley) claimed that baseball is a day sport and that playing at night would adversely affect the surrounding neighborhood. William appealed a lawsuit against the director Philip K. Wrigley and other directors that their mismanagement of not building lights for night games was contrary and unrelated to business interest, causing inadequate attendance and company financial losing. Oppositely, defendants argued that courts couldnâ€⠄¢t interfere business decisions unless there is fraud, illegality or conflict of interest.The source of law is case law where the rules of law announced in court decisions. Mr. Justice Sullivan judge on this case based on previous ground rules deprived from other 10 affirmed cases. Specific Legal Issues The case of Shlensky vs. Wrigley involves both question of law and question of fact. It involves question of law because plaintiff and defendant have different positions in interpreting rules. The Plaintiff holds that fraud, illegality and conflict of interest are not the only bases for stockholder to sue the directors while the defendant hold opposite position.Therefore, it needs judge to interpret and apply the law in this case. It also involves the question of fact, which is whether it likes plaintiff’s saying that defendants’ refusal of constructing lights for night games attributed to the company loss. Plaintiff’s Argument Plaintiff Shensky was advocating f or the damages for mismanagement of directors. The plaintiff also required the defendant to install the lights in Wrigley Field and schedule night baseball games.The Plaintiff claimed that night games would help the company's financial condition, and that the sales from attendance at night games would pay for the cost of the lights. However, directors refused to install lights in Wrigley Field because the personal view that night baseball games would disturb surrounding neighborhood. Have the directors been negligent in failing to exercise reasonable care and prudence in the management of the corporate affairs by making decisions, not out of a good faith concern for the company, but for personal views.Therefore, The Plaintiff claimed that defendants were liable for mismanagement because reasons of not installing lights were contrary and unrelated to business interests. Defendant’s Argument Defendant Wrigley was advocating for that court could not interfere cooperate affairs i f they did not break the law and contract. Defendant claimed that the reason he insist not installing lights is that baseball is a daytime game and night games would disturb surrounding neighborhood.He also claimed that if night games played, the negative effect from neighborhood would decrease company’s reputation. However, he was willing to play night games if a new stadium was built in Chicago. The defendants argued that their concerning and acting did not break the law, contract and conflict interest. Therefore, the court did not qualify for the responsibility to judge them. Court’s Decision and Rationale The court ultimately revoked the case and affirmed defendants’ failure to schedule night games did not constitute negligence.Firstly, The court feels that unless the conduct of directors borders on one of three elements (fraud, illegality, conflict of interest), the court will not interfere the directors’ decision and behavior. Secondly, the plaintif f’s claims are defective. Plaintiff cannot prove that the decision of not installing lights would bring huge amount of profits to the cooperation because there was no allegation that the night games played by other teams enhanced their financial condition. The plaintiff didn't even take into consideration how much it would cost to maintain the lights.Also, the claim of â€Å"Have the directors failing to exercise reasonable care and prudence in the management of the corporate affairs by making decisions, not out of a good faith concern for the company, but for personal views† is also defective. Because the effect on the surrounding neighborhood is something to be considered when making company decisions, as that affects who attends games as well as the value of the property. The concerning of surrounding neighborhood is a good faith of concern for the company and related to company’s long-term interest.The legal rules used by the court include many court decisio ns from other similar cases. For example, the court relied on language found in Hunter v. Roberts, Throp & Co. , 83 Mich 63, 47 NW 131, 134, â€Å"Courts of equity will not interfere in the management of the directors unless it is clearly made to appear that they are guilty of fraud or misappropriation of the corporate funds, or refuse to declare a dividend when the corporation has a surplus of net profits which it can. The Justice Sullivan applied this rule onto the case of Shlensky. Lessons Learned from the Case After analyzing the Case of William Shlensky and Philip K. Wrigley, what I will take away from reading the case is that courts protect directors’ rational decisions. These decisions may not be very profitable or right in hindsight, but directors are protected from liability so long as there is no fraud, illegality or conflict of interests of shareholders. It is an important case to analysis because the case teaches more than just legal principles.By learning law in context of actual lawsuits, in the case of Shlensky and Wrigley, I learned how disputes arise, how plaintiff and defendant deliver both arguments and how the judge applies previous case law decisions into the current case to make a decision. The judge decides the case based on the real facts other than one party’s claiming. Rather than reading pages of abstract statements of law, the rule that court cannot interfere legal business decision are presented more vividly by real problems involving real people.

Antigones Defiant Monologue by Sophocles

Sophocles created a powerful dramatic soliloquy for his strong female protagonist, Antigone, in the play named after her. This monologue lets the performer interpret classic language and phrasing while expressing a range of emotions. The tragedy Antigone, written around BCE 441, is part of the Theban trilogy that includes the story of Oedipus. Antigone is a strong and stubborn main character who prioritizes her  duty and obligations to her family above her safety and security. She defies the laws enacted by her uncle, the king, maintaining that her actions obey the laws of the gods. Context After the death of their father/brother, the banished and disgraced King Oedipus (who married his mother, hence the complicated relationship), sisters Ismene and Antigone watch their brothers, Eteocles and Polynices,  battle  for control of Thebes. Though both perish, one is buried a hero while the other is deemed a traitor to his people. He is left to rot on the battlefield, and no one is to touch his remains. In this scene, Antigones uncle King Creon  has ascended to the throne upon the deaths of the two brothers. He has just learned that Antigone has defied his laws by providing a proper burial for her disgraced brother. Yea, for these laws were not ordained of Zeus,And she who sits enthroned with gods below,Justice, enacted not these human laws.Nor did I deem that thou, a mortal man,Couldst by a breath annul and overrideThe immutable unwritten laws of Heaven.They were not born today nor yesterday;They die not; and none knoweth whence they sprang.I was not like, who feared no mortals frown,To disobey these laws and so provokeThe wrath of Heaven. I knew that I must die,Een hadst thou not proclaimed it; and if deathIs thereby hastened, I shall count it gain.For death is gain to him whose life, like mine,Is full of misery. Thus my lot appearsNot sad, but blissful; for had I enduredTo leave my mothers son unburied there,I should have grieved with reason, but not now.And if in this thou judgest me a fool,Methinks the judge of follys not acquit. Interpretation In one of the most dramatic female monologues of ancient Greece, Antigone defies King Creon because she believes in higher morality, that of the gods. She contends that the laws of heaven overrule the laws of man. The theme of civil disobedience still strikes a chord in modern times. Is it better to do what is right by natural law and face the consequences of the legal system? Or is Antigone being foolishly stubborn and butting heads with her uncle? The bold and rebellious, defiant Antigone is convinced that her actions are the best expression of loyalty and love for her family. Still, her actions defy other members of her family and the laws and traditions she is bound to uphold.